Ductile Iron Data - Section 12


Updated 06/13/13		DIS/AFS 5th Keith Millis Symposium Oct. 14-17, 2013

Ductile Iron Data for Design Engineers

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
I. FORWARD

II. INTRODUCTION
III. ENGINEERING DATA
A. Introduction (p. 1)
B. Tensile Properties (p.1&2)
C. Other Mechanical (p.2)
D. Physical Properties (p.2)
E. References (p.2)

IV AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON
V. ALLOY DUCTILE IRONS
A. Introduction
B. Silicon-Molybdenum Ductile Irons
C. Austenitic Ductile Irons
D. References

VI. MACHINABILITY
VII HEAT TREATMENT
VIII WELDING, BRAZING AND BONDING
A. Welding
B. Brazing
C. References

IX SURFACE TREATMENTS
X DESIGNING WITH DUCTILE IRON
XI ORDERING CASTINGS
XII SPECIFICATIONS
XIII SEARCH (Index)

SECTION XII. SPECIFICATIONS

Introduction
North America
Other Standards
Beyond Specifications
References

Introduction
The purpose of standard specifications for Ductile Iron castings is to provide a body of information which can be used with confidence by both designer and foundry to select, define and agree upon a set of specific properties which will ensure that the castings meet the intended use of the designer. The use of standard specifications simplifies the purchase of castings from multiple suppliers because it defines a standard casting whose properties meet the designer's needs, regardless of where, or how the castings were produced.

Specifications should be chosen carefully and used sparingly to ensure that they adequately define the designer's needs without adding superfluous constraints which needlessly restrict the suppliers' options, complicate the casting process and increase the cost of the casting. It is the responsibility of both the designer and the foundry to be aware of the role and the limitations of specifications and to agree upon a specification that provides the optimum ratio of performance to cost. It is up to the designer to specify a set of properties - mechanical, physical, chemical or dimensional - which best suit the casting to its purpose.

Once the specification has been selected, the foundry must ensure that all castings delivered meet or exceed the specification. The raw materials and production methods used by the foundry to provide conforming castings are not normally restricted by the designer or the specification unless the specification includes such instructions, or the designer and foundry agree to append additional instructions to a specification. Such instructions should be used judiciously, because they almost invariably increase the casting cost and restrict the number of foundries which can provide competitive bids.

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North America
The ASTM has five standards covering Ductile Iron castings. ASTM A 536 is the most frequently used, covering the general engineering grades of Ductile Iron. The other standards cover austenitic and special Ductile Iron applications. The ASTM has issued in 1990 a new specification defining the properties of Austempered Ductile Iron. The SAE standard J434 is commonly used for specifying automotive Ductile Iron castings. In an attempt to create a single, comprehensive system for designating metals and alloys the ASTM and SAE have jointly developed the Unified Numbering System (UNS). While not itself a specification, the UNS designation is gaining some degree of acceptance in North America as a useful means of simplifying and correlating the various existing specifications. The UNS designations for Ductile Irons, crossreferenced to the corresponding ASTM, AMS, SAE and MIL specifications, are shown below.

UNS numbers and corresponding American specifications
Standard	Numbers/Grades
UNS	F3000	F32800	F32900	F33100	F33101	F33800	F34100
ASTM A395		60-40-18
ASTM A536		60-40-18		65-45-12		80-55-06
ASTM A476							80-60-03
ASTM A716			******
AMS					5315		5316
SAE J434	DQ & T	D4018		D4512		D5506
MIL-I-24137					(A)

UNS	F34800	F36200	F43000	F43001	F43002	F43003	F43004
ASTM A439			D-2	D-2B	D-2C	C-3	C-3A
ASTM A536	100-70-03	120-90-02
SAE J434	D7003

UNS	F43005	F43006	F43007	F43010	F43020	F43021	F43030
ASTM A439	D-4	D-5	D-5B
ASTM A571				D-2M
AMS							5395
MIL-I-24137					(B)	(C)

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Other Standards
This section also summarizes the national standards for Ductile Iron for the other major industrialized countries and the international ISO standard. This standard, and its replacement, the EuroNorm standard EN will become increasingly important with the formation of the European Community. There are many additional standards for Ductile Iron, some national, and others valid only within a specific technical or commercial organization. While each specification may have its own distinguishing characteristics, there are also many similarities between specifications. Before using any specification, the designer should obtain a complete copy of the current issue from the specifying body to familiarize himself with both the properties specified and the conditions under which they are to be measured.

Standard specifications for Ductile Iron are normally based on mechanical properties, except for those defining austenitic Ductile Iron, which are based on composition. Mechanical property values are given in the units normal to the particular specifying body. Conversions for SI, metric non-SI, and non-metric units are given at the end of this section to assist in comparing specifications.

DUCTILE IRON SPECIFICATIONS

ASTM A 395 FERRITIC DUCTILE IRON PRESSURE-RETAINING CASTINGS FOR USE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
This standard specifies chemical, physical, and hardness requirements.
Chemical Requirements The castings shall conform to the following requirements for chemical composition (Note 3):		Physical Requirements Tensile Properties - The Ductile Iron as represented by the test specimens shall conform to the following requiremenets for tensile properties:
Total carbon, min, % Silicon, max, % Phosphorus, max, %	3.00 2.50 0.08	Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa) Yield strength, min, psi (MPa) Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm min.	60 000 (414) 40 000 (276) 18%
		Hardness: - The hardness of the heat-treated Ductile Iron as represented by the test specimens and castings shall be within the following limits:
		HB, 3000-kgf load	143 to 187

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ASTM A439 AUSTENITIC DUCTILE IRON CASTINGS
Chemical Requirements
Element	Type
Element	D-2^A	D-2B	D-2C	D-3^A	D-3A	D-4	D-5	D-5B	D-5S
	Composition, %
Total carbon, max	3.00	3.00	2.90	2.60	2.60	2.60	2.40	2.40	2.30
Silicon	1.50-3.00	1.50-3.00	1.00-3.00	1.00-2.80	1.00-2.80	5.00-6.00	1.00-2.80	1.00-2.80	4.90-5.50
Manganese	0.70-1.25	0.70-1.25	1.80-2.40	1.00 max^B	1.00 max^B	1.00 max^B	1.00 max^B	1.00 max^B	1.00 max
Phosphorus, max	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08
Nickel	18.00-22.00	18.00-22.00	21.00-24.00	28.00-32.00	28.00-32.00	28.00-32.00	34.00-36.00	34.00-36.00	34.00-37.00
Chromium	1.75-2.75	2.75-4.00	0.50-max^B	2.50-3.50	1.00-1.50	4.50-5.50	0.10 max	2.00-3.00	1.75-2.25
^A Additions of 0.7 to 1.0% of molybdenum will increase the mechanical properties above 800^oF (425^oC). ^B Not intentionally added.

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Mechanical Requirements
Element	Type
	D-2	D-2B	D-2C	D-3	D-3A	D-4	D-5	D-5B	D-5S
	Properties
Tensile strength, min, ksi (MPa)	58 (400)	58 (400)	58 (400)	55 (379)	55 (379)	60 (414)	55 (379)	55 (379)	65 (449)
Yield strength (0.2 percent offset), min, ksi (MPa)	30 (207)	30 (207)	28 (193)	30 (207)	30 (207)	--	30 (207)	30 (201)	30 (207)
Elongation 2 in. or 50mm, min, %	8.0	7.0	20.0	6.0	10.0	--	20.0	6.0	10
Brinell hardness (300 kg)	139-202	148-211	121-171	139-202	131-193	202-273	131-185	139-193	131-193

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ASTM A 476 DUCTILE IRON CASTINGS FOR PAPER MILL DRYER ROLLS
Chemical Requirements		Tensile Requirements
The castings shall conform to the following chemical requirements:		Test Coupon Section Thickness	1 in.	3 in.
Total carbon, min, %	3.0	Tensile strength, min, ksi	80	80
Silicon, max, %	3.0	Yield strength, min, ksi	60	60
Phoshorus, max, %	0.08	Elongation in 2 in., min, %	3.0	1.0
Sulfur, max, %	0.05
The castings shall have a carbon equivalent of 3.8 to 4.5 inclusive.

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ASTM A 536 DUCTILE IRON CASTINGS
Tensile Requirements
	Grade 60/40/18	Grade 65/45/12	Grade 80/55/06	Grade 100/70/03	Grade 120/90/02
Tensile strength, min, psi	60 000	65 000	80 000	100 000	120 000
Tensile strength, min, MPa	414	448	552	689	827
Yield strength, min, psi	40 000	45 000	55 000	70 000	90 000
Yield strength, min, MPa	276	310	379	483	621
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %	18	12	6.0	3.0	2.0
Tensile Requirements for Special Applications
			Grade 60/42/10	Grade 70/50/05	Grade 80/60/03
Tensile strength, min, psi			60 000	70 000	80 000
Tensile strength, min, MPa			415	485	555
Yield strength, min, psi			42 000	50 000	60 000
Yield strength, min, MPa			290	345	415
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %			10	5	3

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ASTM A 571 AUSTENITIC DUCTILE IRON CASTINGS FOR PRESSURE- CONTAINING PARTS SUITABLE FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE SERVICE
This standard specifies that all castings shall be heat treated by annealing between 1600 and 1800^oF for 1 hour per inch of casting section and furnace cooling.
Chemical Requirements		Mechanical Property Requirements^A
Element	Composition, %	Class 1		Class 2
Total carbon	2.2-2.7^A	Tensile Strength, min, ksi	65	60
Silicon	1.5-2.50	Yield Strength 0.2% (offset), min, ksi	30	25
Manganese	3.75-4.5	Elongation, min, %	30	25
Nickel	21.0-24.0	Brinell Hardness, 3000 kg	121-171	111-171
Chromium	0.20 max	Charpy V-notch, ft-lbf min, average 3 tests	15	20
Phosphorus	0.08 max	min, individual test	12	15
^A For castings with sections under 1/4 in., it may be desirable to adjust the carbon upwards to a maximum of 2.90%.		^A Heat-treated condition

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ASTM A 897 AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON A897 M
	Min. Tensile Str.		Min. Yield Str.		Elongation	Impact Energy*		Hardness
Grade	MPa	Ksi	MPa	Ksi	Percent	Joules	Ft-lb	BHN**
125/80/10		125		80	10		75	269-321
850/550/10	850		550		10	100		269-321
150/100/7		150		100	7		60	302-363
1050/700/7	1050		700		7	80		302-363
175/125/4		175		125	4		45	341-444
1200/850/4	1200		850		4	60		341-444
200/155/1		200		155	1		25	388-477
1400/1100/1	1400		1100		1	35		388-477
230/185/-		230		185	***		***	444-555
1600/1300/-	1600		1300		***	***		444-555
* Values obtained using unnotched Charpy bars tested at 72 deg. F (20 deg. C). The values in the table are the average of the three highest of four tested samples. Hardness is not a mandatory specification and is shown for information only. * Elongation and impact specifications are not required. Complete specifications may be obtained from: American Society for Testing Materials. 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Society of Automotive Engineers Inc., 485 Lexington Ave., New York , NY 10017. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street. New York, NY 10017.

NOTE: SAE specification for Ductile Iron casting and austempered Ductile Iron casting are currently being revised so they
were not available as of the time of this printing.

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SAE J434 FEB2004 AUTOMOTIVE DUCTILE IRON CASTINGS
Grade	Tensile strength, R_m1 min.		Yield strength, Proof stress, R_po.2 min.		Relative Wall Thickness	Charpy Impact Energy Typical Impact Values		Elongation	Hardness	Structure
Grade	N/mm²	^ksi	N/mm²	^ksi	Relative Wall Thickness	Joules	ft.-lb.	%	HBW (Mpa)	Structure
D400 (D4018)	400	58	275	40	<=20mm	120	90	18	143-170 (1402-1667)	Ferrite
D450 (D4512)	450	65	310	45	<=20mm	80	60	12	156-217 (1530-2128)	Ferrite-Pearlite
D500 (D5506)	500	73	345	50	<=20mm	54	40	6	187-229 (1834-2246)	Ferrite-Pearlite
D550 (D5504)	550	80	380	55	<=20mm	40	30	4	217-269 (2128-2638)	Pearlite-Ferrite
D700 (D7003)	700	102	450	65	<=20mm	27	20	3	241-302 (2363-2961)	Pearlite
D800	800	116	480	70				2	255-311 (2501-3050)	Pearlite or Tempered Martensite
DQ&T	A wide variety of properties are possible. Minimum properties are specified by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.								Range specified by agreement	Tempered Martensite
* These irons are primarily specified on hardness and structure. The mechanical properties are given for information only. **Quenched and tempered grade; hardness to be agreed between supplier and purchaser.

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JAPAN AUSTEMPERED SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE IRON JIS G 5503-1995 CASTINGS
Mechanical properties of separately cast test sample
Symbol of grade	Tensile strength N/mm²	Yield strength N/mm²	Elongation %	Hardness HB
FCAD 900-4	900 min.	600 min.	4 min.	-
FCAD 900-8	900 min.	600 min.	8 min.	-
FCAD 1000-5	1000 min.	700 min.	5 min.	-
FCAD 1200-2	1200 min.	900 min.	2 min.	341 min.
FCAD 1400-1	1400 min.	1100 min.	1 min.	401 min.

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JAPAN SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE IRON CASTINGS JIS G 5502-1995
Mechanical properties of separately cast test sample
Symbol of grade	Tensile strength N/mm²	Yield strength N/mm²	Elongation %	Charpy absorption energy			(Information reference)
	350 min.			Test Temp. ^oC	Mean value of 3 pieces J	Individual value J	Hardness HB	Matrix structure
FCD 350-22		220 min.	22 min.	23 � 5	17 min.	14 min.	150 max.	Ferrite
FCD 350-22L				-40 � 2	12 min.	9 min.
FCD 400-18	400 min.	250 min.	18 min.	23 � 5	14 min.	11 min.	130 to 180
FCD 400-18L			18 min.	-20 � 2	12 min.	9 min.
FCD 400-15			15 min.	-	-	-
FCD 450-10	450 min.	280 min.	10 min.				140 to 210
FCD 500-7	500 min.	320 min.	7 min.				150 to 230	Ferrite + pearlite
FCD 600-3	600 min.	370 min.	3 min.				170 to 270	Pearlite + ferrite
FCD 700-2	700 min.	420 min.	2 min.				180 to 300	Pearlite
FCD 800-2	800 min.	480 min.					200 to 330	Pearlite or tempered structure

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Mechanical properties of cast-on test sample
Symbol of grade	^{Chief thickness of iron casting mm}	Tensile strength N/mm²	Yield strength N/mm²	Elongation %	Charpy absorption energy			(Information reference)
					Test Temp. ^oC	Mean value of 3 pieces J	Individual value J	Hardness HB	Matrix structure
FCD 400-18A	Over 30, up to and incl. 60	390 min.	250 min.	15 min.	23 � 5	14 min.	11 min.	120 to 180	Ferrite
	Over 60, up to and incl. 200	370 min.	240 min.	12 min.	23 � 5	12 min.	9 min.
FCD 400-18AL	Over 30, up to and incl. 60	390 min.	250 min.	15 min.	-20 � 2	12 min.	9 min.
	Over 60, up to and incl. 200	370 min.	240 min.	12 in.	-20 � 2	10 min.	7 min.
FCD 400-15A	Over 30, up to and incl. 60	390 min.	250 min.	15 min.	-	-	-
	Over 60, up to and incl. 200	370 min.	240 min.	12 min.
FCD 500-7A	Over 30, up to and incl. 60	450 min.	300 min.	7 min.				130 to 230	Ferrite + pearlite
	Over 60, up to and incl. 200	420 min.	290 min.	5 min.				130 to 230	Ferrite + pearlite
FCD 600-3A	Over 30, up to and incl. 60	600 min.	360 min.	2 min.				160 to 270	Pearlite + ferrite
	Over 60, up to and incl. 200	550 min.	340 min.	1 min.				160 to 270	Pearlite + ferrite

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EUROPEAN STANDARD SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRONS EN 1563 : 1997
Mechanical properties measured on test pieces machined from separately cast samples
Material designation		Tensile strength R_m N/mm² min.	0.2% proof stress R_p0.2 N/mm² min.	Elongation A % min.
Symbol	Number	Tensile strength R_m N/mm² min.	0.2% proof stress R_p0.2 N/mm² min.	Elongation A % min.
EN-GJS-350-22-LT¹⁾	EN-JS1015	350	220	22
EN-GJS-350-22-LT²⁾	EN-JS1014	350	220	22
EN-GJS-350-22-LT	EN-JS1010	350	220	22
EN-GJS-400-18-LT¹⁾	EN-JS1025	400	240	18
EN-GJS-400-18-LT²⁾	EN-JS1024	400	250	18
EN-GJS-400-18-LT	EN-JS1020	400	250	18
EN-GJS-450-15	EN-JS1030	400	250	15
EN-GJS-450-10	EN-JS1040	450	310	10
EN-GJS-500-7	EN-JS1050	500	320	7
EN-GJS-600-3	EN-JS1060	600	370	3
EN-GJS-700-2	EN-JS1070	700	420	2
EN-GJS-800-2	EN-JS1080	800	480	2
EN-GJS-900-2	EN-JS1090	900	600	2
¹⁾ LT for low temperature. ²⁾ RT for room temperature. NOTE 1. The values for these maerials apply to castings cast in sand moulds of comparable thermal diffusivity. Subject to amendments to be agreed upon in the order, they can apply to castings obtained by alternative methods. NOTE 2. Whatever the method used for obtaining the castings, the grades are based on the mechanical properties measured on test pieces taken from samples separately cast in a sand mould or a mould of comparable thermal diffusivity. NOTE 3. 1N/mm² is equivalent to 1 MPa. NOTE 4. the material designation is in accordance with EN 1560.

Minimum impact resistance values measured on V-notch test pieces
machines from separately cast samples

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Material designation		Minimum impact resistance values (in J)
		At room temp. (23 � 5) ^oC		At (-20 � 2) ^oC		At (-40 � 2) ^oC
Symbol	Number	Mean value from 3 tests	Individual value	Mean value from 3 tests	Individual value	Mean value from 3 tests	Individual value
EN-GJS-350-22-Lt¹⁾	EN-JS1015	-	-	-	-	12	9
EN-GJS-350-22-Rt²⁾	EN-JS1014	17	14	-	-	-	-
EN-GJS-400-18-Lt¹⁾	EN-JS1025	-	-	12	9	-	-
EN-GJS-400-18-Lt²⁾	EN-JS1024	14	11	-	-	-	-
¹⁾ Lt for low temperature. ²⁾ Rt for room temperature. NOTE 1. the values for these maerials apply to castings cast in sand moulds of comparable thermal diffusivity. Subject to amendments to be agreed upon in the order, they can apply to castings obtained by alternative methods. NOTE 2. Whatever the method used for obtaining the castings, the grades are based on the mechanical properties measured on test pieces taken from samples separately cast in a sand mould or a mould of comparable thermal diffusivity. NOTE 3. the material designation is in accordance with EN 1560.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1563 : 1997 (continued)
Mechanical properties measured on test pieces machined from separately cast samples
Material designation		Relevant wall thickness t mm	tensile strength R_m N/mm² min.	0.2% proof stress R_p0.2 N/mm² min.	Elongation A % min.
Symbol	Number	Relevant wall thickness t mm	tensile strength R_m N/mm² min.	0.2% proof stress R_p0.2 N/mm² min.	Elongation A % min.
EN-GJS-350-22U-Lt¹⁾	EN-JS1019	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	350 330 320	220 210 200	22 18 15
EN-GJS-350-22U-Rt²)	EN-JS1029	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	350 330 320	220 210 200	22 18 15
EN-GJS-350-22U	EN-JS1032	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	350 330 320	220 210 200	22 18 15
EN-GJS-400-18U-LT¹⁾	EN-JS1049	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	400 390 370	240 230 220	18 15 12
EN-GJS-400-18U-RT²⁾	EN-JS1059	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	400 390 370	250 250 240	18 15 12
EN-GJS-400-18U	EN-JS1062	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	400 390 370	250 250 240	18 15 12
EN-GJS-400-15U	EN-JS1072	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	400 390 370	250 250 240	15 14 11
EN-GJS-450-10U	EN-JS1132	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	450 310 10 } To be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
EN-GJS-500-7U	EN-JS1082	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	500 450 420	320 300 290	7 7 5
EN-GJS-600-3U	EN-JS1092	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	600 600 550	370 360 340	3 2 1
EN-GJS-700-2U	EN-JS1102	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	700 700 660	420 400 380	2 2 1
EN-GJS-800-2U	EN-JS1112	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	800 480 2 } To be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
EN-GJS-900-2U	EN-JS1122	t<30 30<t<60 60<t<200	900 480 2 } To be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
¹⁾ LT for low temperature. ²⁾ RT for room temperature. NOTE 1. The properties of a cast-on test piece cannot exactly the properties of the casting itself, but can be a better approximation than those obtained on a separtely cast sample. Further values are given in annex D for guidance. NOTE 2. N/mm² is equivalent to 1 MPa. NOTE 3. The material designation is in accordance with EN 1560.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1563 : 1997 (continued)

Material designation		Brinell hardness range HB	Other properties (for information only)
Material designation			R_m N/mm²	R_p0.2 N/mm²
Symbol	Number		R_m N/mm²	R_p0.2 N/mm²
EN-GJS-HB130	EN-JS2010	Less than 160	350	220
EN-GJS-HB150	EN-JS2020	130 to 175	400	250
EN-GJS-HB155	EN-JS2030	135 to 180	400	250
EN-GJS-HB185	EN-JS2040	160 to 210	450	310
EN-GJS-HB200	EN-JS2050	170 to 230	500	320
EN-GJS-HB230	EN-JS2060	190 to 270	600	370
EN-GJS-HB265	EN-JS2070	225 to 350	700	420
EN-GJS-HB300¹⁾	EN-JS2080¹⁾	245 to 335	800	480
EN-GJS-HB330¹⁾	EN-JS2090¹⁾	270 to 360	900	600
¹⁾ EN-GJS-HB300 (EN-JS2080) and EN-GJS2090) are not recommended for thick section castings. NOTE 1. 1 N/mm²is equivalent to 1 MPa.

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Minimum impact resistance values measured on V-notched test pieces machined from cast-on samples

Material designation		Relevant wall thickness t mm	Minimum impact resistance values (in J)
Material designation			At room temperature (23+5) ^oC		At (-20+2) ^oC		At (-40+2) ^oC
Symbol	Number		Mean value from 3 tests	Individual value	Mean value from 3 tests	Individual value	Mean value from 3 tests	Individual value
EN-GJS-350-22U-LT¹⁾	EN-JS1019	t<60 60<t<200	-	-	-	-	12 10	9 7
EN-GJS-350-22U-RT²⁾	EN-JS1029	t<60 60<t<200	17 15	14 12	-	-	-	-
EN-GJS-400-18U-LT¹⁾	EN-JS1049	30<t<60 60<t<200	-	-	12 10	9 7	-	-
EN-GJS-400-18U-RT²⁾	EN-JS1059	30<t<60 60<t<200	14 12	11 9	-	-	-	-
¹⁾ LT for low temperature. ²⁾ RT for room temperature. NOTE 1. The values for the materials normally apply to castings with thicknesses between 30 mm and 200 mm and with a mass greater than 2000 kg or when the relevant wall thickness may vary between 30 mm and 200 mm. NOTE 2. The properties of a cast-on test piece cannot reflect exactly the properties of the casting itself, but can be a better approximation than those obtained on a separately cast sample. Further values are given in annex D for guidance. NOTE 3. 1 N/mm² is equivalent to 1 MPa. NOTE 4. The material designation is in accordance with EN 1560.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE CAST IRONS
EN 1564 : 1997

Mechanical properties measured on test pieces machined from separately cast samples.

Material designation		Tensile strength R_m N/mm² min.	0.2% proof stress R_p0.2 N/mm² min.	Elongation A % min.
Symbol	Number	Tensile strength R_m N/mm² min.	0.2% proof stress R_p0.2 N/mm² min.	Elongation A % min.
EN-GJS-800-8	EN-JS1100	800	500	8
EN-GJS-1000-5	EN-JS1110	1000	700	5
EN-GJS-1200-2	EN-JS1120	1200	850	2
EN-GJS-1400-1	EN-JS1130	1400	1100	1
NOTE 1. The values for the materials apply to castings cast in sand moulds of comparable thermal diffusivity. Subject to amendments to be agreed upon in the order, they can apply to castings obtained by alternative methods. NOTE 2. Whatever the method used for obtaining the castings, the grades are based on the mechanical properties measured on test pieces taken from samples separately cast in a sand mould or a mould of comparable thermal diffusivity. NOTE 3. 1 N/mm² is equivalent to 1 MPa. NOTE 4. The material designation is in accordance with EN 1560.

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Hardness range

Material designation		Brinell hardness range HB
Symbol	Number	Brinell hardness range HB
EN-GJS-800-8	EN-JS1100	260 to 320
EN-GJS-1000-5	EN-JS1110	300 to 360
EN-GJS-1200-2	EN-JS1120	340 to 440
EN-GJS-1400-1	EN-JS1130	380 to 480
NOTE: The material designation is in accordance with EN 1560.

SOUTH AFRICA SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE IRON CASTINGS
SABS 936/937

	Tensile strength R_m min.			Proof stress R_p0.2 min.			Elongation A min.	Hardness
Grade	N/mm²	kgf/m²	ton/in²	N/mm²	kgf/m²	ton/in²	%	HB	�Structure
SG38	375	38.0	24.2	245	25.0	16.0	17	<180	Ferrite
SG42	410	42.0	2.5	275	28.1	17.7	12	<200	Ferrite
SG50	490	50.0	31.7	345	35.2	22.3	7	�170 - 240	Ferrite & pearlite
SG60	590	60.0	38.1	390	39.8	25.2	4	�210 - 250	Pearlite
SG70	685	70.0	44.4	440	44.9	28.5	3	�230 - 300	Pearlite
SG80	785	80.0	50.8	490	50.0	31.7	2	�260 - 330	Pearlite or temper structure
� For information only.

SOUTH AFRICA AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON CASTINGS
SABS 1656 : 1995

Grade	Minimum tensile strength R_m MPa	Minimum proof stress R_p0.2 MPa	Minimum elongation %	Impact strength (energy loss) J	Hardness ¹⁾
ADI 850	850	550	10	100	269 - 321
ADI 1050	1050	700	7	80	302 - 363
ADI 1200	1200	850	4	60	341 - 444
ADI 1400	1400	1100	1	35	388 - 477
ADI 1600	1600	1300	-	-	444 - 555
¹⁾ For information only.

SOUTH AFRICA AUSTENITIC SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE IRON CASTINGS

	Tensile strength R_m min.			Proof stress R_p0.2 min.			Elongation A min.	Hardness max.
Grade	N/mm²	kgf/m²	ton/in²	N/mm²	kgf/m²	ton/in²	%	HB
ASG-2A	375	38.0	24.2	205	21.0	13.3	8	200
ASG-2B	375	38.0	24.2	205	21.0	13.3	6	255
ASG-3A	375	38.0	24.2	195	20.0	12.5	20	170
ASG-4A	375	38.0	24.2	205	21.0	13.3	10	230
ASG-5A	375	38.0	24.2	205	21.0	13.3	7	200
ASG-6A	410	42.0	26.5	205	21.0	13.3	25	170

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME ELEMENTS

Element	Symbol	Atomic Weight	Melting Point		Boiling Point ^oF	Density grs/cc
Element	Symbol	Atomic Weight	^oF	^oC	Boiling Point ^oF	Density grs/cc
Aluminum	Al	26.97	1220	660	3272	2.70
Antimony	Sb	121.76	1167	630	2516	6.62
Barium	Ba	137.36	1562	850	2084	3.50
Beryllium	Be	9.02	2462	1350	2732	1.82
Bismuth	Bi	209.00	520	271	2642	9.8
Boron	B	10.82	4172	2282	4622	2.30
Cadmium	Cd	112.41	610	321	1408	8.65
Calcium	Ca	40.08	1564	851	2522	1.55
Carbon	C	12.00	-	-	6512	2.22
Cerium	Ce	140.13	1427	640	2552	6.79
Chromium	Cr	52.01	3326	1812	3992	7.14
Cobalt	Co	58.94	2696	1480	5252	8.90
Columbium	Nb	92.91	3542	1932	5972	8.57
Copper	Cu	63.57	1982	1082	4259	8.94
Gold	Au	197.20	1945	1062	4712	1930
Iron	Fe	55.84	2795	1535	5430	7.87
Lead	Pb	207.22	621	327	2948	11.35
Lithium	Li	6.94	367	186	2437	0.53
Magnesium	Mg	24.32	1204	652	2007	1.74
Manganese	Mn	54.94	2273	1245	3452	7.20
Mercury	Hg	200.61	-38	-	676	13.55
Molybdenum	Mo	96.00	4748	2602	6692	10.20
Mickel	Ni	58.69	2645	1452	5252	8.85
Palladium	Pd	106.70	2831	1555	3992	12.00
Phosphorous	P	31.02	111	42	536	1.82
Platinum	Pt	195.23	3224	1755	7772	21.45
Potassium	K	39.09	144	62	1400	0.86
Rhodium	Rh	102.91	3551	1882	4532	12.50
Selenium	Se	78.96	428	220	1270	4.81
Silicon	Si	28.06	2588	1420	4712	2.40
Silver	Ag	107.88	1761	961	3542	10.50
Sodium	Na	22.99	207	97	1616	0.97
Strontium	Sr	87.63	1472	800	2102	2.60
Sulfur	S	32.06	235	112	832	2.07
Tantalum	Ta	180.88	5162	2832	7412	16.60
Tellurium	Te	127.61	846	451	2534	6.24
Thallium	Ti	204.39	578	302	3002	11.85
Thorium	Th	232.12	3353	1827	5432	11.50
Tin	Sn	118.70	450	232	4100	7.30
Titanium	Ti	47.90	3272	1782	5432	4.50
Tungsten	W	184.00	6098	3334	10526	19.30
Uranium	U	238.14	3074	1672	6332	18.70
Vanadium	V	50.95	3110	1692	5432	5.68
Zinc	Zn	65.38	787	419	1661	7.14
Zirconium	Zr	91.22	3092	1682	5252	6.40

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CONVERSIONS: English, SI units, and non-SI metric units

1 lbf/in²	= 1 psi
1 ksi	= 1000 psi = 6.895 N/m² = 6.895 MPa = 0.7031 kgf/mm² =0.4464 tonf/in²
1 N/mm²	= 1 MN/m² = 1 MPa = 0.06475 tonf/in² = 145.04 lbf/in² = 0.10197 kgf/mm²
1 kgf/mm²	= 9.8067 N/mm² = 0.63497 tonf/in² = 1422.4 lbf/in²
1 tonf/in²	= 15.444 N/mm² = 1.5749 kgf/mm² = 2240 lbf/in²
1 ft-lbf	= 1.3558 J = 0.1369 kgf-m
1 J	= 0.73757 ft-lbf = 0.10197 kgf-m
1kgf-m	= 9.8067J = 7.3068 ft lbf

	Units English	Multiplication Factor	SI Units
Area	in²	6.45	cm²
Area	ft²	.093	m²
Length	in	2.54	cm
Length	ft	.305	m
Mass	lb.	.454	kg
Temp	(^oF - 32)	.556	^oC

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Beyond Specifications
Standards and specifications ensure uniformity and assist both the designer and the foundry in defining the most important properties of the castings. However, most of the specifications identify either minimum properties, or ranges of properties, inferring that all castings whose properties either exceed the minimum or lie anywhere within the range, are equally acceptable. This inference is incorrect, and high quality castings, whose properties either consistently exceed requirements, or fall well within specified ranges, offer the designer a competitive edge. Through commitments to SPC and continual quality improvement, many foundries have developed the capability to produce castings whose higher quality can be demonstrated statistically. Designers should take advantage of these capabilities to obtain assured quality which is superior to that required by specifications.

REFERENCES
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 01.02, Ferrous Castings, 1987.

I. C. H. Hughes, "Ductile Iron," Metals Handbook, American Society for Metals. Vol. 15, 9th edition, 1988.

American Society of Automotive Engineers Inc., Warrendale, PA, 1989.

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